@misc{Abels_2009, title={Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War to c.1350}, url={http://usna.edu/Users/history/abels/hh315/crusades_timeline.htm}, author={Abels, Richard}, year={2009} }
@book{Allen, S. J._Amt, Emilie_2010, address={North York, Ontario}, title={The Crusades: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Allen, S. J. and Amt, Emilie}, year={2010} }
@book{Allen_Amt_2010, address={North York, Ontario}, title={The Crusades: a reader}, volume={Readings in medieval civilizations and cultures}, publisher={University of Toronto Press}, author={Allen, S. J. and Amt, Emilie}, year={2010} }
@book{Armstrong, Karen_2001, address={London}, edition={1st pbk}, title={Islam: a short history}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Armstrong, Karen}, year={2001} }
@article{AVNI, GIDEON_2010, title={The Persian Conquest of Jerusalem (614 c.e.)--An Archaeological Assessment.}, number={357}, journal={Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research}, author={AVNI, GIDEON}, year={2010}, pages={35–48} }
@article{Barton_2011, title={El Cid, Cluny and the Medieval Spanish Reconquista}, volume={CXXVI}, DOI={10.1093/ehr/cer144}, number={520}, journal={The English Historical Review}, author={Barton, S.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={517–543} }
@book{Barton_Fletcher_2000a, address={Manchester}, title={The world of El Cid: chronicles of the Spanish reconquest}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Barton, Simon and Fletcher, R. A.}, year={2000} }
@book{Barton_Fletcher_2000b, address={Manchester}, title={The world of El Cid: chronicles of the Spanish reconquest}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Barton, Simon and Fletcher, R. A.}, year={2000} }
@book{Baynes, Norman H._Moss, H. St. L. B._1961, title={Byzantium: an introduction to East Roman civilization}, publisher={Clarendon Pr}, author={Baynes, Norman H. and Moss, H. St. L. B.}, year={1961} }
@book{Berkey, Jonathan_2012, address={Cambridge}, title={The formation of Islam: religion and society in the Near East, 600-1800}, volume={Themes in Islamic history}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Berkey, Jonathan}, year={2012} }
@article{Birk_2011, title={The Betrayal of Antioch: Narratives of Conversion and Conquest during the First Crusade}, volume={41}, DOI={10.1215/10829636-1363918}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies}, author={Birk, J. C.}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={463–485} }
@book{Bon, Antoine_1972, title={Byzantium}, volume={Archaeologia mundi}, publisher={Nagel}, author={Bon, Antoine}, year={1972} }
@book{Brown, Peter_2013, address={Chicester}, edition={Tenth Anniversary Revised Edition}, title={The rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, A.D. 200-1000}, volume={The making of Europe}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9781118338810}, publisher={Wiley-Blackwell}, author={Brown, Peter}, year={2013} }
@article{CHEVEDDEN_2008a, title={The Islamic View and the Christian View of the Crusades: A New Synthesis}, volume={93}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00421.x}, number={310}, journal={History}, author={CHEVEDDEN, PAUL E.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={181–200} }
@article{CHEVEDDEN_2008b, title={The Islamic View and the Christian View of the Crusades: A New Synthesis}, volume={93}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.2008.00421.x}, number={310}, journal={History}, author={CHEVEDDEN, PAUL E.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={181–200} }
@article{Chevedden_2013, title={Crusade Creationism Pope Urban II’s Conceptualization of the Crusades}, volume={75}, DOI={10.1111/hisn.12000}, number={1}, journal={Historian}, author={Chevedden, Paul E.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={1–46} }
@book{Chibnall_2000, address={Oxford}, title={The Normans}, volume={The peoples of Europe}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780470692677}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Chibnall, Marjorie}, year={2000} }
@article{Christie_2007, title={Jerusalem in the Kitab Al-Jihad of Ali ibn Tahir Al-Sulami}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1163/157006707X194968}, number={2}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Christie, Niall}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={209–221} }
@article{Claude Cahen_1954, title={An Introduction to the First Crusade}, number={6}, journal={Past & Present}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Claude Cahen}, year={1954}, pages={6–30} }
@book{Constable, Olivia Remie_2012, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Medieval Iberia: readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish sources}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Constable, Olivia Remie}, year={2012} }
@article{Constantelos, title={Paganism and the State in the Age of Justinian}, volume={50}, number={3}, journal={Catholic Historical Review}, publisher={Catholic University of America Press}, author={Constantelos, Demetrios J}, pages={372–380} }
@book{Cormack, Robin_Vasilakåe, Maria_Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain)_2008, address={London}, title={Byzantium, 330-1453}, publisher={Royal Academy of Arts}, author={Cormack, Robin and Vasilakåe, Maria and Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain)}, year={2008} }
@inbook{Crawford_1900, title={The Epistle of the monk Theodosius to the Archdeacon Leo concerning the capture of Syracuse}, url={http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Texts/CRAROS/2/2*.html}, booktitle={The Rulers of the South: Volume 2}, author={Crawford, Francis Marion}, year={1900}, pages={79–98} }
@article{Croke_2005, title={Procopius’ Secret History : Rethinking the Date}, volume={45}, url={http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/331}, number={4}, journal={Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies}, author={Croke, Brian}, year={2005}, pages={405–431} }
@book{Crone, Patricia_2005, address={Edinburgh}, edition={[New ed.]}, title={Medieval Islamic political thought}, volume={The new Edinburgh Islamic surveys}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Crone, Patricia}, year={2005} }
@book{Donner, Fred McGraw_1981, address={Princeton, NJ}, title={The early Islamic conquests}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Donner, Fred McGraw}, year={1981} }
@book{Eastmond, Antony_James, Liz_Cormack, Robin_2003, address={Aldershot}, title={Icon and word: the power of images in Byzantium}, publisher={Ashgate}, author={Eastmond, Antony and James, Liz and Cormack, Robin}, year={2003} }
@article{Eisner, Jaś_2012, title={Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium.}, volume={94}, number={3}, journal={Art Bulletin}, author={Eisner, Jaś}, year={2012} }
@book{Falcandus_2012, title={The history of the tyrants of Sicily by ‘Hugo Falcandus’ 1154-69}, url={http://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/mmso/9780719048944/v1n1/s4.pdf?expires=1472549996&id=88497084&titleid=75008932&accname=University+of+Lincoln&checksum=A07B79E366DD7C028B5CF39940220364}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Falcandus, Hugo}, editor={Robinson, I.S. and Wiedemann, Thomas}, year={2012} }
@book{Fisher, Greg_2013, address={Oxford}, title={Between empires: Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians in late antiquity}, volume={Oxford classical monographs}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Fisher, Greg}, year={2013} }
@book{Fletcher, R. A._1994, address={London}, title={Moorish Spain}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Fletcher, R. A.}, year={1994} }
@book{Fletcher_1994a, address={London}, title={Moorish Spain}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Fletcher, R. A.}, year={1994} }
@book{Fletcher_1994b, address={London}, title={Moorish Spain}, publisher={Phoenix}, author={Fletcher, R. A.}, year={1994} }
@article{Forey_2002, title={The military orders and the conversion of Muslims in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries}, volume={28}, DOI={10.1016/S0304-4181(01)00014-8}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Forey, Alan}, year={2002}, month={Mar}, pages={1–22} }
@article{Frankopan, Peter_2012, title={The View from the East.}, volume={62}, number={9}, journal={History Today}, author={Frankopan, Peter}, year={2012} }
@book{Gabrieli, Francesco_1969, address={Berkeley, CA}, title={Arab historians of the Crusades}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Gabrieli, Francesco}, year={1969} }
@book{Gabrieli_2009a, address={London}, title={Arab historians of the Crusades}, volume={Routledge revivals}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203092507}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Gabrieli, Francesco}, year={2009} }
@book{Gabrieli_2009b, address={London}, title={Arab historians of the Crusades}, volume={Routledge revivals}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203092507}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Gabrieli, Francesco}, year={2009} }
@article{Geoffrey Greatrex_1997, title={The Nika Riot: A Reappraisal}, volume={117}, journal={The Journal of Hellenic Studies}, publisher={The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies}, author={Geoffrey Greatrex}, year={1997}, pages={60–86} }
@article{Ghabban_Hoyland_2008, title={The inscription of Zuhayr, the oldest Islamic inscription (24 AH/AD 644-645), the rise of the Arabic script and the nature of the early Islamic state}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1111/j.1600-0471.2008.00297.x}, number={2}, journal={Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy}, author={Ghabban, ‘Ali ibn Ibrahim and Hoyland, Robert}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={210–237} }
@inbook{Glick_2005, edition={Second Revised}, title={Ethnic Relations}, url={http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.pdf}, booktitle={Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages: Comparative Perspectives on Social and Cultural Formation}, publisher={Brill}, author={Glick, Thomas F.}, year={2005}, pages={165–193} }
@book{Graber, Andre_1966a, title={Byzantium: from the death of Theodosius to the rise of Islam}, volume={The arts of mankind}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Graber, Andre}, year={1966} }
@book{Graber, Andre_1966b, title={Byzantium: from the death of Theodosius to the rise of Islam}, volume={The arts of mankind}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Graber, Andre}, year={1966} }
@book{Greatrex, Geoffrey_Lieu, Samuel N. C._2002, address={London}, title={The Roman eastern frontier and the Persian Wars: a narrative sourcebook, Pt. 2: AD 363-630}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203994542}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Greatrex, Geoffrey and Lieu, Samuel N. C.}, year={2002} }
@book{Hallam, Elizabeth M._2000, address={New York}, title={Chronicles of the Crusades: ey-witness accounts of the wars between Christianity and Islam}, publisher={Welcome Rain}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M.}, year={2000} }
@book{Hallam_2000, address={New York}, title={Chronicles of the Crusades: ey-witness accounts of the wars between Christianity and Islam}, publisher={Welcome Rain}, author={Hallam, Elizabeth M.}, year={2000} }
@article{Helene Wieruszowski_1963, title={Roger II of Sicily, Rex-Tyrannus, In Twelfth-Century Political Thought}, volume={38}, number={1}, journal={Speculum}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={Helene Wieruszowski}, year={1963}, pages={46–78} }
@article{Herrin_2000, title={THE IMPERIAL FEMININE IN BYZANTIUM}, volume={169}, DOI={10.1093/past/169.1.3}, number={1}, journal={Past & Present}, author={Herrin, J.}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={3–35} }
@book{Herrin, Judith_2007a, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Byzantium: the surprising life of a medieval empire}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Herrin, Judith}, year={2007} }
@book{Herrin, Judith_2007b, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Byzantium: the surprising life of a medieval empire}, publisher={Princeton University Press}, author={Herrin, Judith}, year={2007} }
@book{Hetherington, Paul_Forman, Werner_1983, address={London}, title={Byzantium: city of gold, city of faith}, volume={Echoes of the ancient world}, publisher={Orbis}, author={Hetherington, Paul and Forman, Werner}, year={1983} }
@book{Hillenbrand_1999, address={Edinburgh}, title={The crusades: Islamic perspectives}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Hillenbrand, Carole}, year={1999} }
@book{Hitti_Usåamah ibn Munqidh_2000, address={New York}, title={An Arab-Syrian gentleman and warrior in the period of the Crusades: memoirs of Usåamah ibn-Munqidh (Kitåab al-I°tibåar)}, volume={Records of Western civilization}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Hitti, Philip K. and Usåamah ibn Munqidh}, year={2000} }
@book{Hitti, Philip Khuri_1970, address={London}, edition={10th ed}, title={History of the Arabs: from the earliest times to the present}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Hitti, Philip Khuri}, year={1970} }
@book{Holmes_University of Oxford_1988, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford illustrated history of Medieval Europe}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Holmes, George and University of Oxford}, year={1988} }
@book{Horden, Peregrine_Purcell, Nicholas_2000, address={Oxford}, title={The corrupting sea: a study of Mediterranean history}, publisher={Blackwell}, author={Horden, Peregrine and Purcell, Nicholas}, year={2000} }
@article{Housley_2007a, title={The Crusades and Islam}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1163/157006707X194959}, number={2}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Housley, Norman}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={189–208} }
@article{Housley_2007b, title={The Crusades and Islam}, volume={13}, DOI={10.1163/157006707X194959}, number={2}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Housley, Norman}, year={2007}, month={Jun}, pages={189–208} }
@article{Howard-Johnston_1999a, title={Heraclius’ Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman Empire, 622-630}, volume={6}, number={1}, journal={War in History}, author={Howard-Johnston, J.}, year={1999}, pages={1–44} }
@article{Howard-Johnston_1999b, title={Heraclius’ Persian Campaigns and the Revival of the East Roman Empire, 622-630}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1177/096834459900600101}, number={1}, journal={War in History}, author={Howard-Johnston, J.}, year={1999}, pages={1–44} }
@book{Howard-Johnston_2010, address={Oxford}, title={Witnesses to a world crisis: historians and histories of the Middle East in the seventh century}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780191576089}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Howard-Johnston, J. D.}, year={2010} }
@book{Hoyland, Robert G._1997, address={Princeton, N.J.}, title={Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian writings on early Islam}, volume={Studies in late antiquity and early Islam}, publisher={Darwin Press}, author={Hoyland, Robert G.}, year={1997} }
@book{Hoyland, Robert G._2003, address={London}, title={Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203455685}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Hoyland, Robert G.}, year={2003} }
@article{Irwin, Robert_1997, title={Muslim responses to the crusades.}, volume={47}, number={4}, journal={History Today}, author={Irwin, Robert}, year={1997}, pages={43–49} }
@book{Jansen_Drell_Andrews_2009, address={Philadelphia, Pa}, title={Medieval Italy: texts in translation}, volume={The Middle Ages series}, publisher={University of Pennsylvania Press}, author={Jansen, Katherine Ludwig and Drell, Joanna H. and Andrews, Frances}, year={2009} }
@book{Jeffreys, Elizabeth_Haldon, John F._Cormack, Robin_2008a, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford handbook of Byzantine studies}, volume={Oxford handbooks}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jeffreys, Elizabeth and Haldon, John F. and Cormack, Robin}, year={2008} }
@book{Jeffreys, Elizabeth_Haldon, John F._Cormack, Robin_2008b, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford handbook of Byzantine studies}, volume={Oxford handbooks}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jeffreys, Elizabeth and Haldon, John F. and Cormack, Robin}, year={2008} }
@book{Jeffreys, Elizabeth_Haldon, John F._Cormack, Robin_2008c, address={Oxford}, title={The Oxford handbook of Byzantine studies}, volume={Oxford handbooks}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Jeffreys, Elizabeth and Haldon, John F. and Cormack, Robin}, year={2008} }
@article{John L. Teall_1965a, title={The Barbarians in Justinian’s Armies}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Speculum}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={John L. Teall}, year={1965}, pages={294–322} }
@article{John L. Teall_1965b, title={The Barbarians in Justinian’s Armies}, volume={40}, number={2}, journal={Speculum}, publisher={Medieval Academy of America}, author={John L. Teall}, year={1965}, pages={294–322} }
@article{John Meyendorff_1968, title={Justinian, the Empire and the Church}, volume={22}, journal={Dumbarton Oaks Papers}, publisher={Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University}, author={John Meyendorff}, year={1968}, pages={43–60} }
@article{Johns_Jamil_2004, title={Signs of the Times: Arabic Signatures as a Measure of Acculturation in Norman Sicily}, volume={21}, journal={Muqarnas}, publisher={BRILL}, author={Johns, Jeremy and Jamil, Nadia}, year={2004}, pages={181–192} }
@article{Johns_Savage-Smith_2003, title={The Book of Curiosities : A Newly Discovered Series of Islamic Maps}, volume={55}, number={1}, journal={Imago Mundi}, author={Johns, Jeremy and Savage-Smith, Emilie}, year={2003}, pages={7–30} }
@book{Kaegi, Walter Emil_1992a, address={Cambridge}, title={Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kaegi, Walter Emil}, year={1992} }
@book{Kaegi, Walter Emil_1992b, address={Cambridge}, title={Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kaegi, Walter Emil}, year={1992} }
@book{Kaegi, Walter Emil_1992c, address={Cambridge}, title={Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests}, publisher={Cambridge University Press}, author={Kaegi, Walter Emil}, year={1992} }
@book{Kennedy, Hugh_2004, address={Harlow}, edition={2nd ed}, title={The Prophet and the age of the Caliphates: the Islamic Near East from the sixth to the eleventh century}, volume={History of the Near East}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9781405898522}, publisher={Pearson Longman}, author={Kennedy, Hugh}, year={2004} }
@article{Kienzle_2009, title={Preaching the Cross: Liturgy and Crusade Propaganda}, volume={53}, DOI={10.1179/136606909X12458556541176}, number={1}, journal={Medieval Sermon Studies}, author={Kienzle, Beverly Mayne}, year={2009}, month={Oct}, pages={11–32} }
@book{Lassus, Jean_1967, address={London}, title={The early Christian and Byzantine world}, volume={Landmarks of the world’s art}, publisher={Hamlyn}, author={Lassus, Jean}, year={1967} }
@article{Latham_2011, title={Theorizing the Crusades: Identity, Institutions, and Religious War in Medieval Latin Christendom1}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00642.x}, number={1}, journal={International Studies Quarterly}, author={Latham, Andrew A.}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={223–243} }
@book{Lindsay_1974, address={London}, title={The Normans and their world}, publisher={Purnell Book Services}, author={Lindsay, Jack}, year={1974} }
@article{Loud_2003, title={The Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of England, 1066-1266}, volume={88}, DOI={10.1111/1468-229X.00279}, number={292}, journal={History}, author={Loud, G. A.}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={540–567} }
@book{Loud, G. A._2012, address={Manchester}, title={Roger II and the making of the kingdom of Sicily}, volume={Manchester medieval sources series}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, author={Loud, G. A.}, year={2012} }
@article{Loud_2012, title={Southern Italy and the Eastern and Western empires, .900–1050}, volume={38}, DOI={10.1080/13044184.2011.640025}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Loud, G. A.}, year={2012}, month={Mar}, pages={1–19} }
@book{Maalouf_Rothschild_2006, address={London}, title={The Crusades through Arab eyes}, publisher={Saqi Essentials}, author={Maalouf, Amin and Rothschild, Jon}, year={2006} }
@book{Mainstone, Rowland_1988, address={London}, title={Hagia Sophia: architecture, structure and liturgy of Justinian’s great church}, publisher={Thames and Hudson}, author={Mainstone, Rowland}, year={1988} }
@article{Malik, Habib C._2011, title={The Crusades between Myth and Reality Revisiting a Troubles Historiography.}, volume={32}, number={2}, journal={Theological Review}, author={Malik, Habib C.}, year={2011} }
@article{Mallette_2003, title={Translating Sicily}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, publisher={Brill Academic Publishers}, author={Mallette, Karla}, year={2003}, pages={140–163} }
@book{Metcalfe, A._2009, address={Edinburgh}, title={The Muslims of medieval Italy}, volume={New Edinburgh Islamic surveys}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780748629114}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Metcalfe, A.}, year={2009} }
@book{Metcalfe_2009a, address={Edinburgh}, title={The Muslims of medieval Italy}, volume={New Edinburgh Islamic surveys}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780748629114}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Metcalfe, A.}, year={2009} }
@book{Metcalfe_2009b, address={Edinburgh}, title={The Muslims of medieval Italy}, volume={New Edinburgh Islamic surveys}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780748629114}, publisher={Edinburgh University Press}, author={Metcalfe, A.}, year={2009} }
@article{Moosa, M._2003, title={The crusades: An eastern perspective, with emphasis on syriac sources}, volume={93}, number={2}, journal={Muslim World}, author={Moosa, M.}, year={2003}, pages={249–289} }
@article{Neocleous_2010, title={Byzantine-Muslim conspiracies against the crusades: history and myth}, volume={36}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmedhist.2010.06.001}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Neocleous, Savvas}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={253–274} }
@book{Olds_University of Michigan_1981, title={The meeting of two worlds: the Crusades and the Mediterranean context}, publisher={Univ.of Michigan}, author={Olds, Clifton and University of Michigan}, year={1981} }
@article{Papanikolaou, Aristotle_2003, title={Byzantium, Orthodoxy, and Democracy.}, volume={71}, number={1}, journal={Journal of the American Academy of Religion}, author={Papanikolaou, Aristotle}, year={2003}, pages={75–98} }
@book{Pentcheva_2006, address={University Park, Pa}, title={Icons and power: the Mother of God in Byzantium}, publisher={Pennsylvania State University Press}, author={Pentcheva, Bissera V.}, year={2006} }
@article{Pluskowski_Boas_Gerrard_2011, title={The Ecology of Crusading: Investigating the Environmental Impact of Holy War and Colonisation at the Frontiers of Medieval Europe}, volume={55}, DOI={10.1179/174581711X13103897378564}, number={1}, journal={Medieval Archaeology}, author={Pluskowski, Aleksander and Boas, Adrian J and Gerrard, Christopher}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={192–225} }
@article{Price_2009, title={The Development of a Chalcedonian Identity in Byzantium (451–553)}, volume={89}, DOI={10.1163/187124109X408069}, number={1}, journal={Church History and Religious Culture}, author={Price, Richard}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={307–325} }
@book{Rice, David Talbot_1958, title={The great palace of the Byzantine emperors: 2nd report}, publisher={Edinburgh Univ.Pr}, author={Rice, David Talbot}, year={1958} }
@book{Riley-Smith_2011, address={New York}, title={The crusades, Christianity, and Islam}, volume={Bampton lectures in America}, publisher={Columbia University Press}, author={Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher}, year={2011} }
@article{ROCHE_2009, title={In the Wake of Mantzikert: The First Crusade and the Alexian Reconquest of Western Anatolia}, volume={94}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-229X.2009.00448.x}, number={314}, journal={History}, author={ROCHE, JASON T.}, year={2009}, month={Apr}, pages={135–153} }
@article{Rodriguez-Picavea_2005, title={The Frontier and Royal Power in Medieval Spain: A Developmental Hypothesis}, volume={8}, DOI={10.1177/097194580500800202}, number={2}, journal={The Medieval History Journal}, author={Rodriguez-Picavea, E.}, year={2005}, month={Oct}, pages={273–301} }
@article{Roger D. Scott_1985, title={Malalas, The Secret History, and Justinian’s Propaganda}, volume={39}, journal={Dumbarton Oaks Papers}, publisher={Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University}, author={Roger D. Scott}, year={1985}, pages={99–109} }
@book{Rose_Bacon_1919, address={Berkeley}, title={The Lay of the Cid}, url={http://omacl.org/Cid/}, publisher={University of California Press}, author={Rose, R. Selden and Bacon, Leonard}, year={1919} }
@article{Rubiera Mata_Epalza_2007, title={Al‐Andalus: Between Myth and History}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1080/02757200701393339}, number={3}, journal={History and Anthropology}, author={Rubiera Mata, Maria Jesús and Epalza, Mikel de}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={269–273} }
@book{Ruthven, Malise_2000, address={Oxford}, title={Islam: a very short introduction}, publisher={OUP}, author={Ruthven, Malise}, year={2000} }
@book{Sarris_2011a, address={Oxford}, title={Empires of faith: the fall of Rome to the rise of Islam, 500-700}, volume={The Oxford history of Medieval Europe}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780191617461}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sarris, Peter}, year={2011} }
@book{Sarris_2011b, address={Oxford}, title={Empires of faith: the fall of Rome to the rise of Islam, 500-700}, volume={The Oxford history of Medieval Europe}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780191617461}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Sarris, Peter}, year={2011} }
@article{SARRIS_2011, title={The early Byzantine economy in context: aristocratic property and economic growth reconsidered}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1111/j.1468-0254.2011.00320.x}, number={3}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={SARRIS, PETER}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={255–284} }
@book{Saunders_1965, address={London}, title={A history of medieval Islam}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203199763}, publisher={Routledge}, author={Saunders, J. J.}, year={1965} }
@article{Scorpo, AL_2011, title={Religious Frontiers and Overlapping Cultural Borders: The Power of Personal and Political Exchanges in the Works of Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284)}, volume={23}, number={3}, journal={Al-Masāq - Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean}, author={Scorpo, AL}, year={2011}, pages={216–235} }
@article{Shepkaru_2012, title={The Preaching of the First Crusade and the Persecutions of the Jews}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1163/157006712X634576}, number={1}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Shepkaru, Shmuel}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={93–135} }
@article{Simonsohn_2009, title={Seeking Justice among the ‘Outsiders’: Christian Recourse to Non-Ecclesiastical Judicial Systems under Early Islam}, volume={89}, DOI={10.1163/187124109X407907}, number={1}, journal={Church History and Religious Culture}, author={Simonsohn, Uriel}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={191–216} }
@article{Simonsohn_2010, title={The Christians Whose Force is Hard: Non-Ecclesiastical Judicial Authorities in the Early Islamic Period}, volume={53}, DOI={10.1163/156852010X529123}, number={4}, journal={Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient}, author={Simonsohn, Uriel}, year={2010}, month={Oct}, pages={579–620} }
@article{Sizgorich_2004, title={Narrative and Community in Islamic Late Antiquity}, volume={185}, DOI={10.1093/past/185.1.9}, number={1}, journal={Past & Present}, author={Sizgorich, T.}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={9–42} }
@book{Smith, Colin_1988, address={Warminster}, title={Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol.1: 711-1150}, volume={Hispanic classics}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Smith, Colin}, year={1988} }
@book{Smith_1988, address={Warminster}, title={Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol.1: 711-1150}, volume={Hispanic classics}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Smith, Colin}, year={1988} }
@book{Smith, Colin_1989, address={Warminster}, title={Christians and Moors in Spain: Vol.2: 1195-1614}, publisher={Aris & Phillips}, author={Smith, Colin}, year={1989} }
@article{Stanton_2010, title={Roger de Hauteville, Emir of Sicily}, volume={25}, DOI={10.1080/09518967.2010.540417}, number={2}, journal={Mediterranean Historical Review}, author={Stanton, Charles D.}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={113–132} }
@article{Stearns_2009, title={Representing and Remembering al-Andalus: Some Historical Considerations Regarding the End of Time and the Making of Nostalgia}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1163/157006709X458891}, number={2}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Stearns, Justin}, year={2009}, month={Dec}, pages={355–374} }
@article{Stephenson_2004, title={BYZANTIUM TRANSFORMED, c. 950-1200}, volume={10}, number={1–3}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Stephenson, Paul}, year={2004}, pages={185–210} }
@article{Takayama_2010, title={Frederick II’s crusade: an example of Christian–Muslim diplomacy}, volume={25}, DOI={10.1080/09518967.2010.540419}, number={2}, journal={Mediterranean Historical Review}, author={Takayama, Hiroshi}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={169–185} }
@article{Taylor, J.A._2007, title={Muslim-Christian relations in medieval Southern Italy}, volume={97}, number={2}, journal={Muslim World}, author={Taylor, J.A.}, year={2007}, pages={190–199} }
@article{Thomas Sizgorich, title={‘Do Prophets Come with a Sword?’ Conquest, Empire, and Historical Narrative in the Early Islamic World}, volume={112}, number={4}, journal={American Historical Review}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Thomas Sizgorich}, pages={992–1015} }
@article{Todorov_2010, title={The value of empire: tenth-century Bulgaria between Magyars, Pechenegs and Byzantium}, volume={36}, DOI={10.1016/j.jmedhist.2010.09.004}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Medieval History}, author={Todorov, Boris}, year={2010}, month={Dec}, pages={312–326} }
@book{Tyerman, Christopher_1998, address={Basingstoke}, title={The invention of the Crusades}, publisher={Macmillan}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={1998} }
@book{Tyerman_2005, address={Oxford}, title={The Crusades: a very short introduction}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780191517501}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Tyerman, Christopher}, year={2005} }
@book{Venning_Harris_2006, address={Basingstoke}, title={A chronology of the Byzantine Empire}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780230505865}, publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}, author={Venning, Timothy and Harris, Jonathan}, year={2006} }
@article{West_1983, title={Mediaevel Historiography Misconstrued: the Exile of the Cid, Rodrigo Díaz, and the Supposed ‘Invidia’ of Alfonso VI}, volume={52}, journal={Medium Aevum}, author={West, Geoffrey}, year={1983}, pages={286–299} }
@article{WHITTOW_2009, title={Early Medieval Byzantium and the End of the Ancient World}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-0366.2009.00199.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Agrarian Change}, author={WHITTOW, MARK}, year={2009}, month={Jan}, pages={134–153} }
@book{Wickham, Chris_2006, address={Oxford}, title={Framing the early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800}, url={http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780191514197}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Wickham, Chris}, year={2006} }
@article{Williams_Friell_1998, title={The survival of the eastern Roman empire}, volume={48}, number={11}, journal={History Today}, publisher={History Today Limited}, author={Williams, Stephen and Friell, Gerard}, year={1998}, pages={40–46} }
@book{Wolf, Kenneth Baxter_1999, address={Liverpool}, edition={2nd ed}, title={Conquerors and chroniclers of early medieval Spain}, volume={Translated texts for historians}, publisher={Liverpool University Press}, author={Wolf, Kenneth Baxter}, year={1999} }
@article{Wolper_2011, title={Khir and the Changing Frontiers of the Medieval World}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1163/157006711X561730}, number={1}, journal={Medieval Encounters}, author={Wolper, Ethel Sara}, year={2011}, month={Jan}, pages={120–146} }
@article{Wood_2010a, title={Defending Byzantine Spain: frontiers and diplomacy}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-8847.2010.00300.x}, number={3}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={Wood, Jamie}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={292–319} }
@article{Wood_2010b, title={Defending Byzantine Spain: frontiers and diplomacy}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-8847.2010.00300.x}, number={3}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, author={Wood, Jamie}, year={2010}, month={Jul}, pages={292–319} }
@misc{Khawater 6 01_23AD, url={http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi48GwPZ5os}, year={23AD} }
@book{Early medieval Spain: unity in diversity, 400-1000_1995a, address={New York}, edition={2nd edition}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, year={1995} }
@book{Early medieval Spain: unity in diversity, 400-1000_1995b, address={New York}, edition={2nd edition}, volume={New studies in medieval history}, publisher={St. Martin’s Press}, year={1995} }
@article{Empire and emperordom from late antiquity to 799_2004, volume={12}, DOI={10.1111/j.0963-9462.2004.00143.x}, number={4}, journal={Early Medieval Europe}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={377–387} }
@book{Van Houts_2013, title={The Normans in Europe - Manchester University Press}, url={http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mmso/16t626;jsessionid=mwx1k3u5r3w4.alice}, publisher={Manchester University Press}, year={2013} }
@misc{The Byzantine State under Justinian I (Justinian the Great), url={https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/just/hd_just.htm} }
@misc{Philolog: Byzantine Art as Propaganda: Justinian and Theodora at Ravenna, url={http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/philolog/2006/01/byzantine_art_as_propaganda_ju.html} }
@misc{The Cid, by Corneille. A Project Gutenberg eBook., url={http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14954/14954-h/14954-h.htm} }
@misc{Internet History Sourcebooks, url={http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/sbook1k.asp#The%2520First%2520Crusade} }
@misc{The Crusades (1095–1291) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art, url={http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm#slideshow4} }
@misc{The Crusades (1095–1291) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art, url={http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crus/hd_crus.htm#slideshow4} }
@misc{Military Orders: A Guide to Online Resources, url={http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/monastic/milindex.html} }
@misc{THE TRAVELS OF IBN JUBAYR, url={http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/259/texts/jubayr.htm} }
@misc{Taylor & Francis Online :: Cultural syncretism and ethnic identity: - Journal of Medieval History - Volume 25, Issue 3, url={http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S1304-4184%252899%252900002-0}, DOI={10.1016/S1304-4184(99)00002-0} }
@misc{Extract from Historia Longobardorum, url={http://www.thule-italia.org/Nordica/Paul%20the%20Deacon%20-%20History%20of%20the%20Lombards%20(1907)%20[EN].pdf} }
