1.
Scott DG. Thinking like a penologist. In: Penology. Vol SAGE course companions : knowledge and skills for success. SAGE; 2008. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UniLincoln&isbn=9781849206488
2.
Susan E, Christine P. Influences on penal policy. In: Sentencing and Punishment: The Quest for Justice. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; 2012:3-35.
3.
Duff RA, Garland D. Introduction: Thinking about punishment. In: A Reader on Punishment. Oxford University Press; 1994:1-43.
4.
Cavadino M, Dignan J, Mair G. Justifying Punishment. In: The Penal System: An Introduction. 5th ed. SAGE; 2013:32-60.
5.
Cavadino M, Dignan J, Mair G. The Penal System: An Introduction. 5th ed. SAGE; 2013.
6.
Zedner L. Penal subversions: When is a punishment not punishment, who decides and on what grounds? Theoretical Criminology. 2016;20(1):3-20. doi:10.1177/1362480615598830
7.
Garland D. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Clarendon Press; 1991.
8.
Garland D. Durkheim’s theory of punishment: a critique. In: The Power to Punish: Contemporary Penality and Social Analysis. Ashgate; 1992:37-61.
9.
Garland D. Punishment and social solidarity: the work of Emile Durkheim. In: Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Clarendon Press; 1991:23-46.
10.
Cohen S. The master patterns. In: Visions of Social Control: Crime, Punishment and Classification. Polity; 1985:13-39.
11.
Prins H. Assessing dangerous - a risky business. In: Offenders, Deviants or Patients?: An Introduction to Clinical Criminology. Fifth edition. Routledge; 2016:303-332. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UniLincoln&isbn=9781315712413
12.
Feminist Jurisprudence -- or Women-Wise Penology? Probation Journal. 1989;36(3):110-114.
13.
Young P. Putting a price on harm: the fine as a punishment. In: Penal Theory and Practice. Manchester University Press; 1994:185-196.
14.
Pratt J. Towards the ‘Decivilizing’ of Punishment? Social & Legal Studies. 1998;7(4):487-515.
15.
Daly K. Criminal justice ideologies and practices in different voices: some feminist questions about justice. In: Criminal Justice. Vol Oxford readings in socio-legal studies. Oxford University Press; 1994:226-246.
16.
Blanchette K, Brown SL. Assessing women’s needs. In: The Assessment and Treatment of Women Offenders: An Integrative Perspective. John Wiley & Sons; 2006:83-113. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UniLincoln&isbn=9780470864630
17.
Shichor D. Conceptual and theoretical issues. In: Punishment for Profit: Private Prisons/Public Concerns. Sage Publications; 1995:45-77.
18.
Thomas-Peter BA. The needs of offenders and the process of changing them. In: Psychological Research in Prisons. Blackwell; 2006:40-53.
19.
Crighton DA, Towl GJ. Prisoner needs. In: Psychology in Prisons. Vol Forensic practice. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2008:57-70.
20.
Towl G. Applied psychological services in prisons and probation. In: Forensic Psychology: Concepts, Debates and Practice. Willan; 2004:305-317.
21.
Erikson KT. Notes of the sociology of deviance. In: The Other Side: Perspectives on Deviance. Free Press; 1964:9-21.
22.
Annison HMJ. Dangerous Politics: Risk, Political Vulnerability, and Penal Policy. Vol Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford University Press; 2015. https://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=UniLincoln&isbn=9780191044298
23.
Prison Reform Trust. Doing Time: The Experiences And Needs Of Older People In Prison. Published online 2008. https://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/old_files/Documents/Doing%20Time%20the%20experiences%20and%20needs%20of%20older%20people%20in%20prison.pdf
24.
Humphrey T, Gibbs Van Brunschot E. Postsentencing Supervision: Punishment and/or Protection? International Criminal Justice Review. 2015;25(4):379-401. doi:10.1177/1057567715604716
25.
Gobeil R, Blanchette K, Stewart L. A Meta-Analytic Review of Correctional Interventions for Women Offenders: Gender-Neutral Versus Gender-Informed Approaches. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2016;43(3):301-322. doi:10.1177/0093854815621100
26.
Ricciardelli R, Sit V. Producing Social (Dis)Order in Prison: The Effects of Administrative Controls on Prisoner-on-Prisoner Violence. The Prison Journal. 2016;96(2):210-231. doi:10.1177/0032885515618362
27.
Hagan, J. Victims before the Law: A Study of Victim Involvement in the Criminal Justice Process. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1982;73(1):317-330. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jclc73&collection=journals&id=329
28.
Edgar K, Rickford D. Too Little Too Late: An independent review of unmet mental health need in prison. Published online 2009. http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Too%20Little%20Too%20Late%20-%20a%20review%20of%20unmet%20mental%20health%20need%20in%20prison%20.pdf
29.
Duterte vows to bring back hanging and kill criminals in Philippines. Published 17 May 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/16/duterte-vows-to-kill-criminals-and-reintroduce-hanging-in-philippines
30.
Gambino L. Pfizer blocks its drugs from being used in lethal injections in prisons. Published 13 May 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/13/pfizer-blocks-drugs-lethal-injections
31.
Freitas AM, Inacio AR, Saavedra L. Motherhood in Prison: Reconciling the Irreconcilable. The Prison Journal. 2016;96(3):415-436. doi:10.1177/0032885516635129
32.
Taylor CJ. The Family’s Role in the Reintegration of Formerly Incarcerated Individuals: The Direct Effects of Emotional Support. The Prison Journal. 2016;96(3):331-354. doi:10.1177/0032885516635085
33.
Mancini C, Budd KM. Is the Public Convinced That ‘Nothing Works?’: Predictors of Treatment Support for Sex Offenders Among Americans. Crime & Delinquency. 2016;62(6):777-799. doi:10.1177/0011128715597693
34.
Wakefield S, Lee H, Wildeman C. Tough on Crime, Tough on Families? Criminal Justice and Family Life in America. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2016;665(1):8-21. doi:10.1177/0002716216637048
35.
Tripkovic M. The Modern Cives Sine Suffraggio : Dimensions of Criminal Disenfranchisement in Europe. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. 2016;55(1-2):4-24. doi:10.1111/hojo.12163
36.
Downes D, Hansen K. Welfare and Punishment: The relationship between welfare spending and imprisonment. Published online 2006. https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk//sites/default/files/Welfare_and_Punishment_webversion.pdf
37.
Willow C, ed. Advancing opportunity: Children, human rights and social justice. Published online 2007. http://www.smith-institute.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/AdvancingOpportunityChildrenHumanRightsandSocialJustice.pdf
38.
Genders E, Player E. Therapy in Prison: Revisiting Grendon 20 Years On. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2010;49(5):431-450. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2010.00635.x
39.
Gelsthorpe L, Hedderman C. Providing for women offenders: the risks of adopting a payment by results approach. Probation Journal. 2012;59(4):374-390. doi:10.1177/0264550512458477
40.
Leighton P, Selman D. Private prisons, the criminal justice-industrial complex and bodies destined for profitable punishment. In: Routledge Handbook of Critical Criminology. Routledge; 2012:266-279. https://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Febookcentral-proquest-com.proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk%2Flib%2Fulinc%2Fdetail.action%3FdocID%3D957435
41.
HM Inspectorate of Probation. Transforming Rehabilitation - Early Implementation 4. Published 2016. http://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/inspections/tr4/?platform=hootsuite
42.
McElreath DH, Doss DA, Jensen CJ, et al. The End of the Mississippi Experiment With Conjugal Visitation. The Prison Journal. 2016;96(5):752-764. doi:10.1177/0032885516662644
43.
Annison HMJ. Dangerous Politics: Risk, Political Vulnerability, and Penal Policy. Vol Clarendon studies in criminology. Oxford University Press; 2015. http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780191044298
44.
Ugwudike P. The Dynamics of Service User Participation and Compliance in Community Justice Settings. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. 2016;55(4):455-477. doi:10.1111/hojo.12180
45.
Senior P. Privatising Probation: The Death Knell of a Much-Cherished Public Service? The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. Published online October 2016:1-18. doi:10.1111/hojo.12179
46.
Brent JJ. Placing the criminalization of school discipline in economic context. Punishment & Society. 2016;18(5):521-543. doi:10.1177/1462474516642858
47.
Sexton L, Jenness V. ‘Were like community’: Collective identity and collective efficacy among transgender women in prisons for men. Punishment & Society. 2016;18(5):544-577. doi:10.1177/1462474516642859
48.
William DH. Abolitionism and Crime Control. In: McLaughlin E, Muncie J, eds. Criminological Perspectives. 3rd ed. Sage; 2013.
49.
Duff, R. A., Garland, David. A Reader on Punishment. Oxford University Press; 1994.
50.
Easton, Susan M., Piper, Christine. Sentencing and Punishment: The Quest for Justice. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; 2012.
51.
Easton, Susan M. Prisoners’ Rights: Principles and Practice. Routledge; 2010. http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9780203829684
52.
Feeley MM. Entrepreneurs of punishment: The legacy of privatization. Punishment & Society. 2002;4(3):321-344. doi:10.1177/146247402400426770
53.
Frost NA. The mismeasure of punishment: Alternative measures of punitiveness and their (substantial) consequences. Punishment & Society. 2008;10(3):277-300. doi:10.1177/1462474508090229
54.
Hood R. Capital Punishment: A Global Perspective. Punishment & Society. 2001;3(3):331-354. doi:10.1177/1462474501003003001
55.
Innes, Martin. Understanding Social Control: Deviance, Crime and Social Order. Vol Crime and justice. Open University Press; 2003.
56.
O’Malley, Pat. The Currency of Justice: Fines and Damages in Consumer Societies. Routledge-Cavendish; 2009.
57.
Priestley, Philip, Vanstone, Maurice. Offenders or Citizens?: Readings in Rehabilitation. Willan; 2010. http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203722855
58.
Raynor, Peter, Vanstone, Maurice. Understanding Community Penalties: Probation, Policy and Social Change. Vol Crime and justice. Open University Press; 2002.
59.
Scott, David Gordon. Penology. Vol SAGE course companions : knowledge and skills for success. SAGE; 2008. http://proxy.library.lincoln.ac.uk/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawsonera.com%2Fdepp%2Freader%2Fprotected%2Fexternal%2FAbstractView%2FS9781849206488
60.
Hamilton C. Reconceptualizing Penality: Towards a Multidimensional Measure of Punitiveness. British Journal of Criminology. 2014;54(2):321-343. doi:10.1093/bjc/azt075
61.
Rodermond E, Kruttschnitt C, Slotboom AM, Bijleveld CC. Female desistance: A review of the literature. European Journal of Criminology. 2016;13(1):3-28. doi:10.1177/1477370815597251
62.
Theimann M. School as a space of socialization and prevention. European Journal of Criminology. 2016;13(1):67-91. doi:10.1177/1477370815597254
63.
Farmer M, McAlinden AM, Maruna S. Understanding desistance from sexual offending: A thematic review of research findings. Probation Journal. 2015;62(4):320-335. doi:10.1177/0264550515600545
64.
Marsh F, Wager NM. Restorative justice in cases of sexual violence: Exploring the views of the public and survivors. Probation Journal. 2015;62(4):336-356. doi:10.1177/0264550515619571
65.
Mills H. The demonized other: Responding to ex-prisoners with convictions for child sexual offences. Probation Journal. 2015;62(4):389-394. doi:10.1177/0264550515600542
66.
Craissati J. Should we worry about sex offenders who deny their offences? Probation Journal. 2015;62(4):395-405. doi:10.1177/0264550515600543
67.
Brereton S. Effective interventions for women offenders. Probation Journal. 2015;62(4):411-412. doi:10.1177/0264550515618827
68.
Faraldo-Cabana P. Who Dares Fine a Murderer? The Changing Meaning of Money and Fines in Western European Criminal Systems. Social & Legal Studies. 2016;25(4):489-507. doi:10.1177/0964663915618545
69.
Canton R. Probation and the Tragedy of Punishment. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice. 2007;46(3):236-254. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2007.00471.x
70.
Stone N. Transgender Juveniles and the Binary Custodial Divide. Youth Justice. 2016;16(2):181-190. doi:10.1177/1473225416660209
71.
Stacey G. A thematic inspection of the provision and quality of services in the community for women who offend. Published online 2016. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/09/A-thematic-inspection-of-the-provision-and-quality-of-services-in-the-community-for-women-who-offend.pdf
72.
Prisons & Probation Ombudsman. Prisons & Probation Ombudsman: Annual Report 2015–16. 2016;(Cm 9329). http://www.ppo.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PPO_Annual-Report-201516_WEB_Final.pdf#view=FitH
73.
The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. 2016;55(3). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hojo.2016.55.issue-3/issuetoc?campaign=woletoc
74.
Jewkes Y, Reisdorf BC. A brave new world: The problems and opportunities presented by new media technologies in prisons. Criminology and Criminal Justice. 2016;16(5):534-551. doi:10.1177/1748895816654953
75.
Gosling H. Payment by results: Challenges and conflicts for the Therapeutic Community. Criminology and Criminal Justice. 2016;16(5):519-533. doi:10.1177/1748895816641997
76.
Handtke V, Bretschneider W, Elger B, Wangmo T. The collision of care and punishment: Ageing prisoners’ view on compassionate release. Punishment & Society. 2017;19(1):5-22. doi:10.1177/1462474516644679
77.
Ugwudike P. Understanding Compliance Dynamics in Community Justice Settings. International Criminal Justice Review. 2017;27(1):40-59. doi:10.1177/1057567716679231
78.
O’Toole MJ, Fondacaro MR. When School-Shooting Media Fuels a Retributive Public. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 2017;15(2):154-171. doi:10.1177/1541204015616664
79.
Gosling H. A critical insight into practitioners’ lived experience of payment by results in the alcohol and drug treatment sector. Critical Social Policy. 2017;TBC(TBC). doi:10.1177/0261018317695492
80.
Swopes RM, Davis JL, Scholl JA. Treating Substance Abuse and Trauma Symptoms in Incarcerated Women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2017;32(7):1143-1165. doi:10.1177/0886260515587668
81.
Easterling BA, Feldmeyer B. Race, Incarceration, and Motherhood. The Prison Journal. 2017;97(2):143-165. doi:10.1177/0032885517692791
82.
Brunton-Smith I, McCarthy DJ. The Effects of Prisoner Attachment to Family on Re-entry Outcomes: A Longitudinal Assessment. British Journal of Criminology. 2016;57(2):463-482. doi:10.1093/bjc/azv129
83.
Morash M, Kashy DA, Bohmert MN, Cobbina JE, Smith SW. Women at the Nexus of Correctional and Social Policies: Implications for Recidivism Risk. The British Journal of Criminology. 2017;57(2):441-462. doi:10.1093/bjc/azv124
84.
Kaye DH. Deadly statistics: quantifying an ‘unacceptable risk’ in capital punishment†. Law, Probability and Risk. 2017;16(1):7-34. doi:10.1093/lpr/mgw012
85.
Easterling BA, Feldmeyer B. Race, Incarceration, and Motherhood. The Prison Journal. 2017;97(2):143-165. doi:10.1177/0032885517692791
86.
Handtke V, Wangmo T, Elger B, Bretschneider W. New Guidance for an Old Problem: Early Release for Seriously Ill and Elderly Prisoners in Europe. The Prison Journal. 2017;97(2):224-246. doi:10.1177/0032885517692805
87.
Fitzpatrick C, Williams P. The neglected needs of care leavers in the criminal justice system: Practitioners’ perspectives and the persistence of problem (corporate) parenting. Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2017;17(2):175-191. doi:10.1177/1748895816659324
88.
Maguire M, Raynor P. Offender management in and after prison: The end of ‘end to end’? Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2017;17(2):138-157. doi:10.1177/1748895816665435
89.
Lens KME, van Doorn J, Pemberton A, Lahlah E, Bogaerts S. One rule for the goose, one for the gander? Wrongfulness and harmfulness in determining reactions to offenders and victims of crime. European Journal of Criminology. 2017;14(2):183-199. doi:10.1177/1477370816649623
90.
Smoyer AB, Lopes G. Hungry on the inside: Prison food as concrete and symbolic punishment in a women’s prison. Punishment & Society. 2017;19(2):240-255. doi:10.1177/1462474516665605
91.
Lewis DE. The general deterrent effect of longer sentences. The British Journal of Criminology. 1986;26(1):47-62. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047582
92.
van der Merwe A, Skelton A. Victims’ Mitigating Views in Sentencing Decisions: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 2015;35(2):355-372. doi:10.1093/ojls/gqu026
93.
Wright S, Crewe B, Hulley S. Suppression, denial, sublimation: Defending against the initial pains of very long life sentences. Theoretical Criminology. 2017;21(2):225-246. doi:10.1177/1362480616643581
94.
Turanovic JJ, Rodriguez N. Mental Health Service Needs in the Prison Boom: The Case of Children of Incarcerated Mothers. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 2017;28(5):415-436. doi:10.1177/0887403415591269
95.
Balfour G. Searching prison cells and prisoner bodies: Redacting carceral power and glimpsing gendered resistance in women’s prisons. Criminology & Criminal Justice. Published online 28 April 2017. doi:10.1177/1748895817706719
96.
Lynch SM, DeHart DD, Belknap J, et al. An Examination of the Associations Among Victimization, Mental Health, and Offending in Women. Criminal Justice and Behavior. Published online 26 April 2017. doi:10.1177/0093854817704452
97.
Lynch SM, DeHart DD, Belknap J, et al. An Examination of the Associations Among Victimization, Mental Health, and Offending in Women. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2017;44(6):796-814. doi:10.1177/0093854817704452
98.
Nuñez N, Myers B, Wilkowski BM, Schweitzer K. The Impact of Angry Versus Sad Victim Impact Statements on Mock Jurors’ Sentencing Decisions in a Capital Trial. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2017;44(6):862-886. doi:10.1177/0093854816689809
99.
Ballesteros-Pena A. Responsibilisation and female imprisonment in contemporary penal policy: ‘Respect Modules’ (‘Módulos de Respeto’) in Spain. Punishment & Society. Published online 17 May 2017. doi:10.1177/1462474517710241
100.
Pina-Sanchez J, Lightowlers C, Roberts J. Exploring the punitive surge: Crown Court sentencing practices before and after the 2011 English riots. Criminology & Criminal Justice. 2017;17(3):319-339. doi:10.1177/1748895816671167
101.
Hirtenlehner H, Wikström POH. Experience or deterrence? Revisiting an old but neglected issue. European Journal of Criminology. 2017;14(4):485-502. doi:10.1177/1477370816671750
102.
Noguera, Pedro A. Schools, Prisons, and Social Implications of Punishment: Rethinking Disciplinary Practices. Theory Into Practice. 2003;42(4):341-350.